Indian Polity and Social Issue - 16628 Words

Polity, Constitution and Social Issues Polity Constitution Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of the government and spells out the fundamental rights, directive principles and duties of citizens. Passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, it came into effect on 26 January 1950. The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the declaration of independence of 1930. It declares the Union of India to be a sovereign, democratic republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty and to promote among them all fraternity. The words socialist, secular and integrity†¦show more content†¦The Mission discussed the framework of the constitution and laid down in some detail the procedure to be followed by the constitution drafting body. Elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. The Constituent Assembly first met and began work on 9 December 1946. (Indian Independence Act 1947): The Indian Independence Act, which came into force on 18 July 1947, divided the British Indian territory into two new states of India and Pakistan, which were to be dominions under the Commonwealth of Nations until their constitutions were in effect. The Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate states. The Act relieved the British Parliament of any further rights or obligations towards India or Pakistan, and granted sovereignty over the lands to the respective Constituent Assemblies. When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, it overturned the Indian Independence Act. India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic republic. Constituent Assembly The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies. Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, RajendraShow MoreRelatedBorn into Brothels a Documentary by Zana Briski Essay examples1199 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I am not a social worker. I am not a teacher, even. That is my fear, you know, that I really can’t do anything. Helping them to get and education is not going to do anything, but without help they are doomed (Born into Brothels, 2004).† Zana Briski made this statement in her documentary Born into Brothels, referring to the children of sex workers in Sonagachi. This statement exemplifies child saving, a dominant theme in children’s discourse, that portrays children as vulnerable, innocent, and inRead MoreUttar Hindu Politics Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagesthat it brought along itself, thereby giving congress a national identity whose legacy could not be challenged by the merge opposi tion. 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Read MoreImmigration Act : On Asian American Cultural Politics1060 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy, polity, and civil society. She claims that the political demands that are left unmet of the terrain of political participation â€Å"erupt into culture†. It is my belief that this eruption into culture Lowe references is the constant disregard of minorities and how it is left unobserved because there has not been any attention paid toward the issue. Lowe makes note that throughout history, people native of the large Asian countries such as the China, Japanese, Korean, (Asian) Indian, have longRead MoreModernization Theory Of India s Democracy1722 Words   |  7 Pagesagrarian and rural population characterized by vast linguistic and ethnic diversity. However, India was able not only to transition to but also consolidate a robust democratic system that has survived for over sixty years. 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In subsequent years, many Dalit leaders wereRead MoreRole of Panchayati Raj Institutions in the Assessment and Identification of Disability1575 Words   |  7 Pages Dr. Seema Singh*, Mrs. Paromita chaubey The 73rd amendment to the Indian constitution (1992) is a landmark in the evolution of Panchayats in India which carved out the third tier of the Indian Political System. Earlier we had only two Tiers - the union and the State governments. Now we have the third tier – the panchayats at the village block and district levels. Panchayats have been the backbone o f Indian Villages. From ages they had mainly performed the role of imparting justice

Skills, Logistical Infrastructure, And Production

skills, logistical infrastructure, and production. SMEs lack in time and skills to implement application to conduct electronic business. Suppliers, employers and customers need to be trained and educated for which many small businesses lack in time and financial capabilities. Dramatic increase in business can also be a threat to SME who cannot satisfy new customer demands. Face-to-face business between suppliers and customers is considered as the strong way of doing business by means of trust so became a barrier for adoption. On the other hand, most of the interviewers specified the benefits of adoption as enhanced customer service, increased speed, improved communication and efficiency of business. Some of the SMEs chosen for this sample†¦show more content†¦Main aim of business to develop IS capability and analyze its impact on e-business and IT strategy. Scholar s and practitioner s future focus will be to develop suitable framework for IT strategy processes. This researc h may help CEO s to understand the present status in Taiwanese business of IT strategy implementation. The recommendations to improve e-business operational performance are: CIO s IT/IS leadership ability, individual level capability, resources allocation, group level capability, knowledge sharing ability, project management capability, departmental collaboration, organization level ability etc. Moreover, organizational performance depends on effective implementation of IT strategy in business instead of overlooking it. This paper examines the relationship between information technology resources, strategic initiative, e-business capabilities and their functions in implementation process. E-business implementation does not always assure super performance because transforming resources into capabilities during implementation process could bring challenges for organization transformation. Resource based view (RBV) is a theory for strategic management that links firm s performance to resources and abilities of organization. The other portion of material focuses on E-business strategy such as strategy initiative, strategy implementation and results associated. Relevant study has shown that firms in ChinaShow MoreRelatedThe Reluctant Receptionit1547 Words   |  7 Pagessound complicated, but logistics is basically the management of stuff, and information regarding the stuff, from one place to another until it reaches the consumer. The logistical management of physical items may include integration of information (such as inventory databases and shipping schedules), material handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation, distribution, storage, and security for the resources. Example of International Logistics Lets look at a simple example. Just pretendRead MoreThe Military Revolution1574 Words   |  7 PagesSuccession. 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CALD Groups for Individual and Systematic Factors-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCALD Groups for Individual and Systematic Factors. Answer: Introduction The population of Australia consists of twenty-eight percent CALD communities (Estrada Messias, 2015). The department is health findings it hard to offer affordable health coverage for the CALD population. The Australian authorities categorize the CALD as individuals from similar origins. Additionally, the executive views the CALD as any other native Australian. Therefore, the terms of medical attention are standard irrespective of the background of a person. The assumption by the national government that everybody living in Australia has similar culture is disadvantaging the CALD group. The ministry of health has availed the medical resources for every Australian regardless of race. However, the CALD keep off from the health facilities because of a lot of reasons. The disparity in culture, racist notions and reading from different scripts hamper the CALD from accessing medical attention (Goeman et al., 2016). This report looks at the results of the survey of the communities. Furthe rmore, the paper covers the factors preventing the CALD population from seeking medical help. Additionally, the article discusses the recommendations that the government can use to reach out to the community. Various stakeholders should implement the suggestions in the paper to solve the disparity in the access to health. Findings A team of specialists researched the reasons why the CALD communities stayed away from hospitals. The group interviewed a sample of individuals from the main migrant societies. The Burmese, Pacific Islanders, the Afghani and the Sudanese are the majority of the immigrants (Henderson Kendall, 2011). The group of researchers asked them about their view of the Australian health policies. The researchers needed the output from the minority group to look for possible ways of solving the health quagmire. The finding included the following responses. The CALD have a feeling that physicians do not respect their culture (Henderson Kendall, 2011). They are accustomed to traditional modes of treatment which the Australian physicians are not providing (Mengesha, Perz, Dune Ussher, 2018). Additionally, there is a language barrier between the communities and the clinicians (Meuter, Gallois, Segalowitz, Ryder Hocking, 2015). Language problems create communication break-up between the two partie s. Furthermore, there are no qualified personnel to aid in interpreting one language to the other. The language translators who exist are not well versed in all the languages. Hence, they mislead the physicians and the CALD communities. Discussion From the findings, the major issues impeding the CALD from accessing health care are a breakdown in communication, cultural misunderstandings, and health policy barriers. Communication Impediments Lack of understanding between the caregivers and the patients destabilizes the quality of medical attention. The physicians cannot understand the health concerns of the CALD group due to the disruption in communication (Meuter, et al., 2015). A significant group of immigrants does not understand the language that the clinicians use. Even if a language translator is present, medical attention cannot succeed yet (Woodward-Kron et al., 2016). An efficient treatment needs the privacy between the physician and the patient. Cultural Misunderstanding The cultures of the CALD differ from that of the Australian natives. A majority of natives believe in the power of traditional medicine. However, the Australian health policies consider the suggestion of traditional medication to be outdated and ineffective (Na, Ryder Kirmayer, 2016). The clashing of cultures hinders the provision of medical attention. Barriers to health policy Policy barriers involve a poor health culture by the health practitioners. The Australian administration is unaware of health concerns of the CALD groups (Pound Greenwood, 2016). Additionally, the health department lacks efficient modes of language translations. Conclusion The Australian government should conceder appropriate recommendations to solve the healthcare problems affecting the CALD groups. The CALD stay away from health facilities due to some reasons. The migrant's groups feel that the healthcare methods are racist. The CALD also suffer to the clash in culture between the native Australians and themselves. Additionally, there is a communication break up between the natives and migrants. The migrants believe in traditional medicine as opposed to the Australian government which beliefs in modern medication. Migrants are not fluent in spoken English which the clinicians use during treatment. Finally, the Australian Health Policy lacks methods to counter the effects of language barriers. Recommendations The Australian government should train language translators to assist the CALD group who do not understand the English language. The translators should be present at all point of medical attention. The management of health facilities should ensure that the CALD patients can easily and freely access the services of a language interpreter. On the issue of cultural misunderstanding, the national administration should make their services to be flexible. The health practitioners should do conclusive research on traditional modes of treatment. Additionally, the physicians should integrate those forms of medical attention with the modern ways of healthcare provision. Physicians should grant the wishes of the CALD however impossible; they may seem. The government should consider serious changes to its health policies. The administration should collect data on the types of ailments that affect the CALD communities. The clinicians should then look for ways of finding solutions to the health problems affecting the immigrant groups. References Estrada, R. D., Messias, D. K. H. (2015). A scoping review of the literature: content, focus, conceptualization, and application of the national standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate services in health care. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 26(4), 1089-1109. Goeman, D., Michael, J., King, J., Luu, H., Emmanuel, C., Koch, S. (2016). Partnering with consumers to develop and evaluate a Vietnamese Dementia Talking-Book to support low health literacy: a qualitative study incorporating codesign and participatory action research. BMJ Open, 6(9), e011451. Henderson, S., Kendall, E. (2011). Culturally and linguistically diverse peoples' knowledge of accessibility and utilization of health services: exploring the need for improvement in health service delivery. Australian journal of primary health, 17(2), 195-201. Mengesha, Z. B., Perz, J., Dune, T., Ussher, J. (2018). Talking about sexual and reproductive health through interpreters: the experiences of health care professionals consulting refugee and migrant women. Sexual Reproductive Healthcare. Meuter, R. F., Gallois, C., Segalowitz, N. S., Ryder, A. G., Hocking, J. (2015). Overcoming language barriers in healthcare: A protocol for investigating safe and effective communication when patients or clinicians use a second language. BMC health services research, 15(1), 371. Na, S., Ryder, A. G., Kirmayer, L. J. (2016). Toward a Culturally Responsive Model of Mental Health Literacy: Facilitating Help?Seeking Among East Asian Immigrants to North America. American journal of community psychology, 58(1-2), 211-225. Pound, C., Greenwood, N. (2016). The human dimensions of post-stroke homecare: experiences of older carers from diverse ethnic groups. Disability and rehabilitation, 38(20), 1987-1999. Woodward-Kron, R., Hughson, J. A., Parker, A., Bresin, A., Hajek, J., Knoch, U., ... Story, D. (2016). Culturally and linguistically diverse populations in medical research: perceptions and experiences of older Italians, their families, ethics administrators and researchers. Journal of public health research, 5(1).

The Catapult Experiment Research Paper Example

The Catapult Experiment Paper Catapult Experiment This research project has given us the possibility to merge together a few of the things that we really enjoy and transform it into a knowledgeable research project. Choosing an idea and topic for this project was honestly that hardest part of the whole process, yet, after some research and thinking, we came up with a creative and fun idea. We decided to build our own mini catapult out of regular school supplies and see what we could do. This broad idea was later on narrowed down to our research question which is â€Å"How does the mass of an object affect the distance it can be thrown by a catapult?†. We immediately understood that this project will let us be creative, have fun and easily interpret our previously learned knowledge. This project seemed very appealing to us because we could also take so much of what we have been learning and put it into real life. We had learned about projectiles and we have down catapult launching simulations, yet, there is something so immens ely satisfying about creating something yourself, it also makes it a lot easier to learn something since you are a lot more engaged and interested. This is why we thought this idea is perfect for our physics research project. We were able to apply our prior knowledge, have fun and learn new things all at once. Before gathering any materials or planning the process, that we will talk about later on, we formed a hypothesis. Our hypothesis was and is that the smaller an object is in mass the further it will travel in distance. The results portrayed a little bit later show if our hypothesis is correct. We will write a custom essay sample on The Catapult Experiment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Catapult Experiment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Catapult Experiment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As mentioned before we used simple school supplies to build our catapult such as: pencils, string, rubber bands, and glue. Our catapult is small, yet it still works efficiently. We started our experiment by coming up with our research question and hypothesis. After that, we divided our variables into different groups. With that done, we started to bu

Tiempo de espera green card de hermanos de ciudadano

Tiempo de espera green card de hermanos de ciudadano La peticià ³n de una tarjeta de residencia, conocida como green card, que realiza un ciudadano americano para su hermano o hermana es uno de los trmites migratorios que ms tarda, desde los cinco hasta los veinte aà ±os de espera. Aquà ­ le explicamos el por quà ©. Bajo la ley de Inmigracià ³n, el Congreso de los Estados Unidos limita el nà ºmero de visas que se emiten de acuerdo al estatus del peticionario (esposa, hijo/a soltero/a, padres, hermano/a, hijo/a casado/a) y a su paà ­s de origen. El tiempo de espera depende entonces de estos dos factores: origen y categorà ­a. Los tiempos de espera dependen de la nacionalidad del pedido y de la relacià ³n con el ciudadano, ya que cada paà ­s tiene una cuota là ­mite y cada categorà ­a un nà ºmero determinado de visas otorgadas anualmente. Los hermanos y hermanas de los ciudadanos pertenecen a la categorà ­a F4, la à ºltima de las categorà ­as de preferencia familiar: El nà ºmero total de visas otorgadas para esta categorà ­a en el aà ±o 2018 ascendà ­an a las 65.000 con un tiempo de espera promedio de diez aà ±os, con menos y ms aà ±os dependiendo del caso. En esta categorà ­a estn incluidos los hermanos/as biolà ³gicos, los hermanos por adopcià ³n y los hermanastros/as. Si el consulado tiene duda acerca de la relacià ³n entre el ciudadano y el beneficiario, puede solicitar una prueba de ADN. La espera Como norma, los servicios de ciudadanà ­a e inmigracià ³n de los Estados Unidos (USCIS) tramitan las peticiones de tarjetas de residencia en orden de llegada de la peticià ³n. La espera promedio es de diez aà ±os. Pero hay paà ­ses de origen cuyas visas se demoran ms que las otras: Mà ©xico, China, India y Filipinas, cuyas esperas a veces ascienden a los veinte aà ±os. Es importante aclarar que no todos los casos son iguales y no todas las visas de las personas del mismo paà ­s de origen tardan el mismo tiempo. La clave es la fecha en la que la peticià ³n fue aprobada (fecha de prioridad). Para que haya claridad, en el 2018 habà ­a 65.000 visas para otorgar pero miles de ms peticiones. Las que no clasifican en el cupo anual pasan al aà ±o siguiente, y asà ­ sucesivamente hasta que obtienen su tarjeta de residencia. De ahà ­ la espera. Vale la pena anotar que hay mucho rumor y desinformacià ³n acerca de los tiempos de espera; siempre consulte las fuentes oficiales y no se deje guiar por lo que oye de otras personas. Cada caso es diferente. Para estar al corriente de sus tiempos de espera puede consultar la pgina de USCIS con su nà ºmero de caso a la mano. Breve descripcià ³n del proceso Para aclarar dudas y ayudarle a entender el proceso sepa que para pedir una green card para su hermano/a hay que: Ser ciudadano americano y haber cumplido ya los 21 aà ±os de edadTener solvencia econà ³mica para patrocinar al familiarLlenar y enviar el formulario I-130 Estar en contacto con el Centro Nacional de VisasEntender que una solicitud aprobada no es lo mismo que una visa aprobadaSaber quà © es la fecha de prioridadRevisar cada mes el Boletà ­n de Visas del Departamento de Estado y comprobar quà © fecha se est gestionando para calcular cunto tiempo ms queda para recibir la green cardRevisar el affidavit of support  y tener claro sus requisitosPedir ayuda a un abogado si hay dudas en cà ³mo proceder Por à ºltimo: situaciones problemticas Hermano indocumentado: el problema con un hermano/a indocumentado en territorio de los Estados Unidos es que este/a no podrà ­a ajustar su estatus y podrà ­a aplicarse el castigo de los tres y de los diez aà ±os en el momento en que sale del paà ­s a presentarse a la entrevista en el consulado.Peticià ³n negada: Si la peticià ³n por una green card para su hermano/a fue negada, revise aquà ­ las posibles causas.

Answers to Questions About Usage

Answers to Questions About Usage Answers to Questions About Usage Answers to Questions About Usage By Mark Nichol Many writers native English speakers and nonnative speakers alike are confounded by uncertainty or confusion about usage, the complicated issue of what, exactly, a given word means regardless of its practical or official definition. Here are some questions and comments Daily Writing Tips readers have sent me about definitions and connotations, along with my responses. 1. One of the words I hear all the time, which I believe is improperly used, is hopefully, as in â€Å"Hopefully, we’ll be successful.† I’d love to hear your thoughts about using this word hopefully, you’ll agree with me. For better or worse, in the usage you abhor, hopefully is firmly established, and employment in its original sense (â€Å"in a hopeful manner,† as in â€Å"I waited hopefully for her response†) has all but disappeared. The only thing one can do to curtail its use is avoid using it oneself, but this is a case in which the people have spoken: The new sense will prevail. 2. For the past few years, I’ve been noticing the use of â€Å"only ever,† as in â€Å"I only ever stay on the weekends.† Isn’t ever unnecessary and perhaps incorrect? Yes, ever is an extraneous intensifier. It’s not incorrect, but it should be avoided in formal writing. 3. May â€Å"Thank you for correcting me† sound ironic in Modern English? I once used it and got negative feedback. And I think it has pejorative connotation in English, though in my mother tongue it’s just a way to express gratitude or thanks. Yes, â€Å"Thank you for correcting me† looks perfectly neutral, but it’s not: In English, the notion of correcting someone has a negative connotation, like being criticized or scolded, and someone who receives that comment from you may assume that you’re resentful for the assistance. Depending on the situation, it would be better to say or write, â€Å"Thank you for providing me with the correct information† (less concise, but neutral in tone) or â€Å"Thank you for clarifying that for me.† In American English, at least, an informal, friendly way to acknowledge correction is â€Å"Thanks for setting me straight.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageOne Fell SwoopWood vs. Wooden

(Aviation) Safety Areas at the Airport Research Paper

(Aviation) Safety Areas at the Airport - Research Paper Example According to Hardway (1991), airport security entails systems and techniques that the authority uses in order to provide protection to individuals as well as their cargo. The passengers, aircraft and staff that use the airports need to be protected from any form of harm, fear and transgression. Ashford, et.al (2011) states that since so many people use the airport on daily basis, this makes them to be key targets for terrorism and any other form of crime since large numbers of people are assembled in a particular location. Likewise, more people found on large airliners are exposed to death attacks on the aircraft if no proper security measures are put in place. This is because terrorists are able to us hijacked airplanes as an imaginative weapon in order to aim passengers on board (Edwards, 2004). The management of the airport normally tries to use all means possible to prevent all forms of threat from occurring or being realized in the country (Edwards, 2004). If the airport security manages to prevent any harm, then any chance of illegal items, threats and any form of fateful situation incoming into both the airport, country and the aircraft are significantly reduced. From the above, it is clear that the airport security has the all rights to defend the country and airport as well as users from any harmful activity. By so doing, it assures the security of travelling passengers and lastly guards the country and its citizens. The airport authority must be informed and hence protect crucial areas that are vital for security of its passengers and their cargo (Dixon, 2009). This research paper is about safety areas at the airport. It clearly highlights several safety areas at the airports and measures being outlined in order to curb any form of attack to passengers, their goods as well airport operators. At the airport,

Managing for future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Managing for future - Essay Example The management approach of a company differs as per the objectives and intention, but the principal aim is to ensure smooth business transaction and streamlining of the process. In the similar way, the capability of the management of a company holds utmost importance in the process of managing and dealing with the several business challenges. In order, to highlight the importance of managerial capabilities of an organization, this study intends to refer to a real life company. The company chosen in this context is Vodafone. This study therefore seeks to shed light on the management approach and style of Vodafone pertaining to its business environment and business operation. The areas that will be focused upon in this project are corporate social responsibility of the company, sustainability programs being initiated by the company and also the company’s ability to deal with crisis and catastrophe events. The paper will at first present a brief synopsis of Vodafone and short des criptions pertaining to the concepts associated with the subject of concern. Furthermore, the study will also enlighten the efforts put in by the management of the company in the timeframe 2007-2013. Lastly, the study will analyse the competence of Vodafone in these three chosen fields of business by comparing with the current level of proficiency and would develop a scenario of the future in which Vodafone will function. The definition of the key concepts associated with the study will be presented after the brief overview of the company. In light of these concepts, critical review of the current achievements of the company and theoretical models will be presented in a detailed manner. Vodafone: A Brief Overview Vodafone Group plc or commonly known as Vodafone is a UK based telecommunication company involved in telecommunication business. The company was incorporated in the year 1991. Prior to that, Vodafone was known as Racal Telecom, but in the year 1991 only, Vodafone became a n ew identity and was founded in Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom. The company is presently headquartered at London, UK. In terms of the overall revenue and number of subscribers, the company is the 2nd largest mobile telecommunication company of the world. Globally, the pole position has been held by China Mobile. Vodafone has presence in 30 countries of the world and operates with partner networks in around 40 nations. As of 2012, the company employs around 86,400 people (Vodafone, 2012a). The best selling products of the company are mobile telephony, fixed line, and digital television and internet services. However, in the recent past the company has also made tie-ups with mobile phone manufacturers to sell mobile phones under the brand name of Vodafone. The company mainly operates with exclusive retail distribution and exclusive company owned stores. Nevertheless, the advent of technology and stringent competition levels has compelled the company to make their presence online. T hrough their online stores, the company sell their products; allow users to pay their bills etc. Some of the major competitors of the company are 3 mobile, Airtel, France Telecom and Xon Mobile, Telefonica Europe plc, Dutch Telecom among others (Hoovers, 2013). The net revenue of the company in the year 2012 was ?46.417Â  billion and the profit was ?6.957Â  billion. Furthermore, the total asset of the company as of 2012 was

Drug abuse Essay Example for Free

Drug abuse Essay The policy in Switzerland seems to be a success because in the last 10 years there has been an astounding reduction in new users, 82% in fact. Addicts are offered heroin on prescription, access to shooting galleries, needle exchanges and oral methadone. This medicalised drug use has removes its glamour, making it trivial and less appealing. The British government however takes the view that allowing drug consumption rooms risks increasing levels of dealing and anti-social crime. This is the disadvantage currently obstructing the government following suit. The doctor thinks that some users have turned round their lives as a result of this treatment. They come off heroin because of the boredom of routine and drudgery. In addition to the professional opinion, a more personal outlook given by a former addict stated that it should be done in very controlled conditions and only used as a last resort. As I saw on the video, drug abuse has been a problem for centuries and I personally do not see a situation where the world will be free of drug abuse. This is because, when the word drug is defined we mean a medication and there are many legal drugs that are medically prescribed for the treatment of the ill. Drugs such as morphine and paracetamol can also be misused, and the abuse can lead to deaths. In this sense the problem of drug abuse can never be completely eliminated because people will just find another drug to abuse. However, one must be cautious when reading the newspapers as it is likely to be biased. Not everything must be taken into account as it is not likely to be authentic or reliable. To a certain extent not all drugs are as bad as each other; some drugs bring about more harm than others. In other ways, if particular drugs are abused constantly and in heavy quantities they can cause severe consequences, such as tobacco for example. Particular notice needs to be taken of Danger Ratings and the seriousness of heroin addiction. More should be done to prevent this, by tightening rules and regulations and giving harsher punishments to put off new users and give help to existing addicts. Both sources offer contrasting methods for dealing with the problem. The first method, calling upon the government to update the system may not be taken into consideration by some politicians as they do not want to lose votes. However, if it is considered and action is taken, it is a worthwhile action. The second method calling upon softer laws can be seen as helping in some ways, but mainly making it easier for drugs to be abused. In my opinion, the government should tighten rules and regulations for drug abuse and crackdown on Drug related crime, reducing the usage of drugs, and also supply help for the addicts to stabilise their lives. Politics and the law are barriers to both approaches because each method has to gain the Governments approval prior to the action taken, this may prove difficult. This is due to the fact that political parties view their own positions in government more precious than the welfare of the public. As a result of this, they are more concerned with losing votes rather than losing lives. As a whole, drug abuse and addiction is a problem that cannot ever be eradicated completely but it can be controlled and reduced, particularly with certain drugs. As mentioned previously, there are options available to control the issue, and measures can be put in place to reduce drug abuse. The best method would be to take a combination of both options as stated previously. Maybe, in the distant future, drug abuse may not be such a huge pandemic as it is today.

Edmund Spenser‘s Dazzling Quest for Virtue in The Faerie Queene Essays

Edmund Spenser‘s Dazzling Quest for Virtue in The Faerie Queene "Voyeur: one who habitually seeks sexual stimulation by visual means" (Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary). According to Baby's Record, as a child my favorite stories included Daniel in the Lions' Den, Jonah and the Whale, Elisha and the 40 Children Eaten by the Bears, The Three Little Pigs, and Goldilocks and the Three Bears. Before sex came violence, tamed by a mother's lap and blessed by the inspired Word. Voyeurism may well be "the relation . . . of every reader to every novel, of every spectator to every painting, play and film" (Paglia 191); as an "innocent" child, I had already allowed my "untamed pagan eye" to feast fully upon the delightful spectacle of human beings disappearing into the ravenous jaws of nature. To paraphrase Paglia I was at a tender age already "deeply implicated" (191). But perhaps sexuality has never been my strong suit. I must admit that I, unlike Paglia, saw The Faerie Queene above all as an allegory of "the Christian struggling heroically against many evils . . separated ...

Arabic Mythology Essay

Like any other culture, ancient Arabs believed in demons, devils and the like, or at least they had stories about these things whether or not they believed those stories were true. Like everybody else they had their own mythology. Some of these stories are not really famous even for native speakers, like the story of how the rooster lost its ability to fly, or the legend which states that a very long time ago everything was able to talk; And some other stories are well-known (at least for those who DO read) like the ogres and poetry Genies. Arabs have a long-forgotten term which says â€Å"when everythingQ was talking† to describe something that happened a long time ago, especially in the pre-historic era. The root of this term is that ancient Arabs believed that everything -everything including animals and rocks- had the ability to talk at one point in history. And a lot of Arabian legends took place at that part of history. One example of this is the story of how did the rooster lost its ability to fly. The story goes like that: the rooster and the crow were drinking together until they finished all the drinks they had. So the crow told the rooster that he would bring more drinks and food if he gave him his wings and the rooster agreed. Needless to say, the crow never returned them and that is why the rooster crows every morning. He is calling the crow at the same time he took his wings. Most of the paranormal Arabian stories take place in the desert with a single hero. There are just so many Arabian stories about encounters with paranormal creatures in the desert. Some of them are friendly like poetry demons or genies and some are not like ogres. Also there are some stories about heroes like â€Å"Ta-ab-ba-ta_Sha-run†, a real man who became a legend because of all the stories that were made up about him. He was described as â€Å"The fastest man when he run, and the strongest when he fights. His spear when thrown is like winter’s wind†¦etc† and he had so many encounters with demons and ogres in the desert. One of these encounters gave him his name when he fought an ogre bare-handed and killed it in â€Å"Raha-Bitan†. Then he carried it to his people under his armpit so they gave him his name which means â€Å"the one who carry evil ender his armpit. † Unfortunately he was a thief in a lot of stories. When talking about pre-Islamic Arabs you can consider the demons and the Genies to be the same. Genies were famous as excellent poets, and Arabs believed that every human poet had a Genie friend who inspires him with verses, even if he didn’t know about it. The genie is called â€Å"Ra-Ei, this word is driven from the verb ‘to see’ and ‘realizing what is behind the seen’. And from a noun mean seeing the future – or predicting it – ether in real life or a dream that turns true. When you talk about a poet and his genie you say that the poet is the Genie’s â€Å"Elf† and the genie is the poet’s â€Å"Ra-Ei†. Elf is a word driven from â€Å"Elfah† which means a close relationship or feeling comfortable with a person or a thing that you get used to. Also some say that the Genie is born with you and you are stuck together forever, while others said that you do not born with a Genie but you can have one later. People said that the Genies come from a valley named â€Å"Abqar/Abkar† and their master is setting under â€Å"the poetry tree†, the root for all rhythms and verses in the world. It is said that you will become a poet if you sleep in that valley for one night and you will meet your genie. All poetry Genies belong there even if they didn’t actually live there. A genie doesn’t necessarily need to be physically near his human friend to inspire him with verses so some Genies decide to stay there. Some famous poets claimed that they know their Genie and gave him a name, and some of them said that they met their Genie personally. Like ‘Abu-Nawas’ and ‘Al-Faraz-daq’ who both claimed that the head Genie is their â€Å"Ra-Ei†. Nowadays, we know that almost all mythologies are wrong, but that is not a reason to forget them because the value of mythology does not lay in its veracity but in its role as a part of history and culture.

Save the Environment

My environmental issue is trash pollution. Trash pollution is basically when people pollute area’s where animals and human’s live with trash that they don’t dispose of properly so it end’s up in the places that we don’t want it like the ocean, and places where we generally live by. Trash pollution is occurring all over the world. Where ever people live their is almost always trash their. People are to lazy to dispose of their trash the right way so they basically throw it on the street, on beach’s etc. The issue that are facing are wildlife is that the trash is destroying their environment and polluting their ecosystem. ne example is that in Hawaii the sea turtles are dieing because they get tangled in plastic soda holders and they are also eating the trash that floats in the ocean. Polluting the ocean kills a lot of the big animals too because if the food sources for the big fish all die then of course the big fish will start to die too. The challenges were facing is finding out how to stop it because its a international problem so its hard to stop it because no one know where its coming from or who is doing it so its hard to stop it completely.Trash pollution is the worst in land because their is more trash on land then in the ocean and it does even more damage on land then it does in the ocean because its not only effecting the humans but the human’s main food sources and the land that they grow the different types of agriculture on. If we don’t have food we can’t survive and the main problem isn’t the polluting of trash, its how much trash we are actually generating because in a couple years almost all land fills will be full and their won’t be enough space for the other trash.People have proposed solutions like recycling metals, plastics, and glass. In Hawaii, some location have places to recycle your bottle’s and cans and u can even get money for recycling your materials. That’s what i don’t get, people getting paid to recycle? And yet people still are too lazy. Its the best of both worlds because if i recycle my materials then then won’t end up in our landfills and i get a few extra bucks depending on how much materials i recycle to spend on anything i want like for gas in i need.Also people have created materials to substitute the materials that take along time to biodegrade. Companies have created biodegradable bags and wrappers for the food items they see to make their company more green and help the environment out. Why not recycle? well that is the global question that still can’t entirely be answered. Trash pollution has effected the economy in many different ways. In Economics, an externality is a cost or benefit, not transmitted through prices,[1] incurred by a party who did not agree to the action causing the cost or benefit.A benefit in this case is called a positive externality or external benefit, while a cost is called a negative externality or external cost. In these cases in a competitive market, prices do not reflect the full costs or benefits of producing or consuming a product or service, producers and consumers may either not bear all of the costs or not reap all of the benefits of the economic activity, and too much or too little of the good will be produced or consumed in terms of overall costs and benefits to society.If there exist external costs such as pollution, the good will be overproduced by a competitive market, as the producer does not take into account the external costs when producing the good. If there are external benefits, such as in areas of education or public safety, too little of the good would be produced by private markets as producers and buyers do not take into account the external benefits to others. Here, overall cost and benefit to society is defined as the sum of the economic benefits and costs for all parties involved. [2] Save the Environment A speech: Save the environment  !! ————————————————- Welcome everybody, today we are going to talk about us, about our environment, and our planet. ————————————————- Look around you people, what do you see? Wake up and open your eyes widely. ————————————————- Nowadays it becomes normal to see the earth suffering from pollution. ———————————————— Trashes, factories, nuclear energy, bombes and chemicals are all destroying our planet. In fact we are the main reason of all those disasters. Human selfishness and economy importance are all causes. U nfortunately most of us don’t care about his personal environment forgetting that terrifying effects like diseases, desertification, and ozone layer’s hole, acid rain can all lead to our extinction.Those dreadful global warnings and catastrophes around the world opened our eyes to the real hazardous situation we’re going to face for the next years if this pollution completes increasing. Every day in the News we hear about a new earthquake or an erupted volcano or a tsunami or a destroyed city. It’s getting really bad, all because the nature is angry about those threats. But there is always hope and never forget late is better than never. It’s our planet our future protecting it starting by now is the only solution to survive and to solve fauna and flora’s problems.There is a million solution like saving water, stop logging, being more responsible green and sensitized, following the 3rs strategy, using biological products and of course search ing for new natural sources of energy because simply if we don’t respect the fortune given to us we will lose it as soon as possible. ————————————————- Now for sure we all imagine that pollution is a monster and it’s our duty to protect mother Earth from it but seriously isn’t it a responsibility humans owe to themselves

Au lieu de - French Expression

Au lieu de - French Expression Expression: Au lieu de Pronunciation: [oh lyeu deu] Meaning: instead of Literal translation: in the place of Register: normal Notes The French expression au lieu de can be translated by instead of or rather than, not to mention the French-English blend in lieu of. However, note the difference in pronunciation: in French, lieu is pronounced [lyeu] (click the sound file above), whereas in American English its pronounced [loo]. Examples Au lieu de can be used in front of an infinitive, a noun, or a demonstrative pronoun:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais à ©crire une lettre au lieu de leur tà ©là ©phoner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Im going to write a letter rather than calling them.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Viens maider au lieu de rester l ne rien faire  !   Ã‚  Ã‚  Come help me instead of just sitting there! When it precedes a subordinate clause, the expression becomes au lieu que (and requires the subjunctive). However, this usage is somewhat archaic; if at all possible, you should reword the sentence to use au lieu de infinitive.     Ã‚   Au lieu que tout le monde prenne sa voiture, allons-y ensemble. Instead of everyone taking his or her own car, lets all go together. More French Expressions Expressions with Most common French phrasesFrench expressions used in English

Biography of Charles Sheeler, Precisionist Artist

Biography of Charles Sheeler, Precisionist Artist Charles Sheeler (July 16, 1883 - May 7, 1965) was an artist who received acclaim for both his photography and painting. He was a leader of the American Precisionist movement which focused on realistic depictions of strong geometric lines and forms. He also revolutionized commercial art blurring the lines between advertising and fine art. Fast Facts: Charles Sheeler Occupation: ArtistArtistic Movement: PrecisionismBorn: July 16, 1883, in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaDied: May 7, 1965, in Dobbs Ferry, New YorkEducation: Pennsylvania Academy of Fine ArtsSelected Works: Crissed Crossed Conveyors (1927), American Landscape (1930), Golden Gate (1955)Notable Quote: â€Å"I favor a picture which arrives at its destination without the evidence of a trying journey rather than one which shows the marks of battle.† Early Life and Career Born and raised in a middle-class family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Charles Sheeler received encouragement from his parents to pursue art from an early age. After graduating from high school, he attended the Pennsylvania School of Industrial Art to study industrial drawing and applied arts. At the academy, he met American impressionist painter William Merritt Chase  who became his mentor and modernist painter and photographer Morton Schamberg who became his best friend. During the first decade of the 20th century, Sheeler traveled to Europe with his parents and Schamberg. He studied painters from the Middle Ages in Italy and visited Michael and Sarah Stein, patrons of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, in Paris. The Cubist style of the latter two had a significant impact on Sheelers later work. When he returned to the U.S., Sheeler knew that he could not support himself with income from his painting alone, so he turned to photography. He taught himself to take photos with a $5 Kodak Brownie camera. Sheeler opened a photography studio in Doylestown, Pennsylvania in 1910 and earned money photographing construction projects of local architects and builders. The wood stove in Sheelers house in Doylestown, Pennsylvania was the subject of many of his early photographic works. In the 1910s, Charles Sheeler supplemented his income by photographing works of art for both galleries and collectors. In 1913, he participated in the landmark Armory Show in New York City that exhibited the works of the most noted American modernists of the time. Painting After the tragic death of his best friend Morton Schamberg in the influenza pandemic of 1918, Charles Sheeler moved to New York City. There, the streets and buildings of Manhattan became the focus of his work. He worked with fellow photographer Paul Strand on the 1921 short film Manhatta. Following its exploration of the urban landscape, Sheeler created paintings of some of the scenes. He followed his usual technique of taking photographs and drawing sketches before committing the image to paint. In New York, Sheeler became friends with poet William Carlos Williams. Precision with words was a hallmark of Williams writing, and it matched Sheelers attention to structure and forms in his painting and photography. They attended speakeasies together with their wives during the Prohibition years. Another important friendship developed with the French artist Marcel Duchamp. The pair shared an appreciation of the Dada movements break from concern about traditional notions of aesthetics. Alfred Eisenstaedt / LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images Sheeler considered his 1929 painting Upper Deck a powerful representation of all that hed learned to that point about art. He based the work on a photograph of the German steamship S.S. Majestic. To Sheeler, it allowed him to use the structures of abstract painting to represent something entirely realistic. In the 1930s, Sheeler painted celebrated scenes of the Ford Motor Company River Rouge plant based on his own photographs. At first glance, his 1930 painting American Landscape appears peaceful like a traditional pastoral landscape painting. However, all of the subject matter is the result of American technological might. It is an example of what was called the industrial sublime. By the 1950s, Sheelers painting turned toward abstraction as he created works that featured parts of larger structures like his bright-colored Golden Gate showing a close-up portion of San Franciscos iconic Golden Gate Bridge. Photography Charles Sheeler worked for corporate photography clients throughout his career. He joined the staff of the Conde Nast magazine publishing firm in 1926 and worked regularly on articles in Vogue and Vanity Fair until 1931 when he was offered regular gallery representation in Manhattan. In late 1927 and early 1928, Sheeler spent six weeks photographing Ford Motor Companys River Rouge production plant. His images received strong positive acclaim. Among the most memorable was Crissed Crossed Conveyors. By the late 1930s, Sheeler was so prominent that Life magazine ran a story on him as their first featured American artist in 1938. The next year New Yorks Museum of Modern Art conducted the first Charles Sheeler museum retrospective including over one hundred paintings and drawings and seventy-three photographs. William Carlos Williams wrote the exhibition catalog. Alfred Eisenstaedt / LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images In the 1940s and 1950s, Sheeler worked with additional corporations such as General Motors, U.S. Steel, and Kodak. He also worked for the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in the 1940s photographing items from their collections. Sheeler cultivated friendships with other renowned photographers including Edward Weston and Ansel Adams. Precisionism By his own definition, Charle Sheeler was part of the distinctly American movement in the arts called Precisionism. It is one of the earliest modernist styles. It is most often characterized by a precise depiction of the strong geometric lines and forms found in realistic subject matter. The works of precisionist artists celebrated the new industrial American landscape of skyscrapers, factories, and bridges. Influenced by Cubism and presaging Pop Art, Precisionism avoided social and political commentary while the artists rendered their image in an exact, almost rigid style. Among the key figures were Charles Demuth, Joseph Stella, and Charles Sheeler himself. Georgia OKeefes husband, photographer, and art dealer Alfred Stieglitz was a strong supporter of the movement. By the 1950s, many observers considered the style outdated. Later Years Sheelers style in his later years remained distinctive. He abstracted subjects into an almost flat plane of lines and angles. In 1959, Charles Sheeler suffered a debilitating stroke which ended his active career. He died in 1965. Legacy Charles Sheelers focus on industry and cityscapes as subjects for his art influenced the Beat movement of the 1950s. Author Allen Ginsberg, in particular, taught himself photography skills to emulate Sheelers groundbreaking work. Sheelers photography blurred the boundaries between commercial and fine art when he eagerly embraced industrial corporations and artistic depictions of their production plants and products. Source Brock, Charles. Charles Sheeler: Across Media. University of California Press, 2006.

Human Computer Interaction Privacy Issues Assignment

Human Computer Interaction Privacy Issues - Assignment Example HCI’s roots were in cognitive-oriented, single-user interfaces referred to as user interface. Since then, HCI has expanded considering a range of subareas – design methodologies, usability and usability testing, intelligent interfaces and adaptive interfaces among others. In this research, the main focus is Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), also known as groupware. CSCW focuses on how groups of people work or interact together by incorporating computational technologies. HCI has developed in general to have in mind factors like organizational, institutional and societal affects on how computer systems are merged and how the users interact with systems. This has increasingly become essential since systems nowadays are no longer single-user, but internet-wide in their use. This research will largely view HCI in its broader context. This is concerning how HCI is not only about client interfaces but also concerning the client interaction of frameworks: how folks r ecognize and understand explanations and study about, and respond and acclimate to advanced advances. First we require a working definition of privacy, comparing and contrasting privacy concerns with HCI concerns before going deep into HCI research streams.This research revolves around two somewhat amorphous terms, â€Å"privacy† and â€Å"HCI†. There has already been an introduction of HCI, together with its main concerns of enhancing ease of use and the overall user experience. On the other hand, privacy as a term is broader.

Workers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workers - Essay Example Specialization has become an important feature of complex industrial communities in Canada and worldwide. Division of labor takes place at a number of levels. More often than not there is that perception by consumers that they are making free choice with respect to individual purchases, such view is implausible with production. The first level of production division of labor is between companies. This is in view that one company can only obtain another company’s production product through exchange. Taking the example of steel company and power generating company, production of certain dependent products go hand in hand with the emergence of market by these economic sectors. In division of labor, the process of production in the company is broken down into various sequences of stages, and all workers are assigned to specific stages. It is a fact that increasing the specialization of work might lead to workers with very low overall skills and a lack of enthusiasm for the work they do. Division of labor thus plays an essential part in shaping the individual performance of these firms. Another remarkable level of division of labor exists within the company, and this is between individual workers. Depending on what the company produces, individual workers too can have division of labor. This has been due to the fact that for time workers perform similar tasks repeatedly and become known to them better. The similarities between the two are that in both cases it ignores the tastes and preferences of customers. Notably, in the two levels of division of labor there exist market share. Individuals in the economy require goods and services at all times. Private companies are not the exclusive producers in the economy, but they are also public services and house forms of production. The former avail to the economy roads, hospitals, to individual and the latter avails gardening, house

The first written homework assignment for this course is posted at the Essay

The first written homework assignment for this course is posted at the Content link. You should use the posted sources to ans - Essay Example Question 2 Whitaker (2) says that in June 1973 cod blocks were going for 65 cents per pound, compared to around 22 cents in the same period in 1969. A graph has been provided that shows the worldwide landings and wholesale prices of cod blocks between 1960 and 1972, and the price is clearly 21 cents in 1968 (Whitaker 3). In April 2010, The Fish Site published an article titled US Groundfish Market Report. In the article, a graph was included that showed wholesale prices for cod and other groundfish. According to the graph, the wholesale price of cod blocks in 2008 was US$ 2.50 per pound (US Groundfish Market Report 1). Question 3 Supply (in metric tons) Price 1968 4.2 million 21 cents 2008 1.6 million $2.50 The conclusions I can draw from this table is that between 1968 and 2008, supply has been reducing, demand has remained high, and prices have continued to rise. Question 4 Generally, cod tonnage has been in steady decline (with the exception of a few years) between 1968 and 2008. This is how the demand curve also looks like, showing steady reduction and few increments. This is based on the sources provided. Question 5 The demand curve for cod shifted upwards from 1969-1972, compared to the years between 1960 and 1968. ... The market failure in this case is an inability to plan for the future by using existing stocks efficiently. Question 8 The Canadian government banned cod fishing in its Northeast fishing beds in 1993. The Canadian government did not follow an optimal policy in the regulation of the fishing beds, and that is why cod tonnage declined sharply and rapidly from 1968. Politics greatly affected the government’s decisions because it took almost 20 years for the ban to be effected (Waters 1). Without political interference it could have been done earlier since the issue at hand was very critical. Question 9 Although the ban came late, it was nonetheless effective. Slow cod recovery was brought about by a depression in the population of forage fish (necessitated by a virtual decimation of zooplanktons) and the ban. In the article, evidence is presented that there were sufficient haddock, cod and redfish to lay enough eggs and larvae to support recovery, therefore the ecosystem was â₠¬Å"lucky† in a way (Waters 1). Question 10 In my opinion, and based on research sources, the events in the cod market during the period 1968-2008 are expected to open up new markets for other fish species that were previously playing second fiddle to cod. The reality is that this time period has been punctuated by two things: a steady decline and worrying fluctuation in the tonnage of cod worldwide, and a rapid increase in the prices of cod products (particularly cod blocks). Since it has been established that reliance on cod alone will not sustain existing demand, the alternative has been to push people towards embracing other fish species. These alternatives include pollock and

Strategies to Deliver Service Quality in Healthcare

Strategies to Deliver Service Quality in Healthcare MANAGING SERVICE DELIVERY PASSED BY: RONALD M. INFANTE PASSED TO: BALA NAIR PROMOTING SERVICE QUALITY – AUCKLAND DISTRICT HEALTH BOARD First we have to define what service quality is, service quality this is where we assess either the delivered service is doing well on the client expectations. We are doing the assessment method in order for us to assess our quality service we provide to our beloved customers to make improve to our service and immediately recognize the problems for the sake of client’s satisfaction (service quality, 2015). In order to achieve service quality we have to use the 6 service dimensions, what are those? These are the patient centeredness, equity, safety, efficiency, effectiveness, and timeliness. First is safety, safety means we do no harm to our client with our care example of this is the New Zealand Red Cross, there are promoting first aid training so that when someone experiencing cardiac arrest, heart attack or even drowned they know how to do the proper way of giving CPR to the victim hence promoting harmless safe rescue. Second effectiveness it means matching science to care so if science said if that this drug can help up within this illness or disorder of course we will use that drug but when science said this can’t help we will not use that drug, in conclusion averting overuse of things that can’t help and assuming using the things that do help avoiding under use, that’s effectiveness learning science with care. Third patient centeredness our client have the power to control of his own care, they have the decision on what affects in their health, so by giving these they have the option on what to do in their own care. Fourth timeliness, Air New Zealand have a system build to east the time waste of their clients in result many of their passengers come again to them because of their good services they provide. So we have to follow the footsteps of Air New Zealand by evading delays people are familiar with waiting, we waiting for an appointment to see the doctor or we wait a long time into see the doctor in emergency room, timeliness is important dimensions of service quality, you don’t want a wait everywhere on the health care service so timeliness is decreasing delays. Fifth efficiency like Caltex they doing improvement for their fuel to make a high grade fuel efficiency for their beloved customer that’s is why they are the leading gasoline provider now a days. Efficiency is the way we stop wasting unnecessary procedure or stuff so that the time need on that care is been serve well in the fullness and timely. Sixth equity that means closing the gap in justice of health care basically right now the biggest predictor of your health status in our country remain is your race, you know someone race someone know about their future in health you don’t know most anything I can tell you about them, a black baby born in the city bottom more this years has a life expectancy of a male it’s a seven or eight years less than white baby that’s the quality dimension to equity (Defining Quality: Aiming for a Better Health Care System, 2012). Patient centeredness, equity, safety, efficiency, effectiveness, and timeliness those are the names of dimensions of quality that the Auckland District Health Board should work on. Servqual Model 0c Gap 5 (Futuristic) Gap 3 Gap 4 Gap 1 (Quality) (Design) (Client) Gap 2 (Management) v Gap 1 (Client) this is between what the client expect and what CEO think client’s expect, for example am the client and I go to a five star hotel so I expect when I came there is a parking space available for me, a free movie ticket or a ticket with a best show, a high fast speed free Wi-Fi internet and when I don’t get all this thing no matter what good experience is there is a gap because I don’t get what I expected to have and that disappointed me so what must the CEO do, do a market research, evaluate yourself and your service, put your shoes to client so you will know what is there expecting with your service will provide for them to satisfied there expectation. Gap 2 (Management) this is gap between what Health Care Staff perception what kind of service they provide for the client and what the CEO perception what his Health Care Staff expected to do. For example hand over of the patient to another health care staff, here is the scenario I night nurse shift is waiting for her hand over shift because her time of care is over then the morning nurse shift came and she just told the patient name and where his room number and she walk away, so there is a gap of improper hand over so this is what the nurse perception, so what the CEO do, do a meeting so the address of improper hand over is solve. Gap 3 (Quality) the contrast between what standards a firm is supposed to deliver and the job actually gets delivered. For example vital signs procedure, a nurse is checking the vital signs of the patient without the proper equipment’s he just using his clinical eye for example he touched the forehead of the patient and suddenly said your temperature is 37 degree Celsius so there is the gap about service quality, so how do we solve it by using the proper equipment using to check the vital signs like thermometer. Gap 4 (Design) the difference between what external clients perception and what it actually does for them, example is there is a program for weight loss and it said you can loss 20 kilos for just 2 weeks and there is the gap, so how we solve it tell the most accurate result like loss 3 kilos per week by the use of attending to dietician and physiotherapy experts. Gap 5 (Futuristic) the difference between clients expectation and perception, now if we solve this all kinds of gaps I guarantee you all our client/patient experience our service will come back to us seek medical attention (The GAP Model for Service Quality Improvement, 2012). I also want to implement Kanban in our hospital, Kanban is a scheduling system it can help us to manage our time in dealing with our patient. How can affect us? It scheduled our time by doing the 3 process to do, in process, and done. By this it will help us to list what the things to do example for this day, what are the things that are in process, and what are the things that are currently done. So it help us to simply understand what we are going to priorities to decrease the chance of forgetting it. Also we need to implement the lean system in our hospital it is a process of eliminating useless waste, like overproduction of unnecessary supply. What are the advantages of this first reduce the unwanted supply of medical equipment like gloves, mask, disposable gown, etc., second decrease the unnecessary medicine that usual don’t use. third advantage is we can maximize our profit using this system because we are reducing the useless things in our hospital, means we can focus the money on other things that is useful to prevent shortage of equipment’s, tools, medicines, etc. 10 Principles of Good BPM, First context-awareness example the work must be specific just like to orient someday new so that the rules or procedure he will do are clear. Second continuity monitoring of procedure that is up to date or current. Third enablement all the employee must involve of the organization or in participation in committee Fourth holism every ward or department have the same idea or concept about the procedure of what they are doing. Fifth institutionalization the rules and responsibility of the organization must be implement and practice, it can’t make on the spot the procedure unless it was crisis. Sixth involvement sharing of thoughts and ideas of everyone just like brainstorming it can help promoting good teamwork. Seventh joint understanding, language is the universal tool we use to communicate with each other, especially English language because this is the universal language we use globally. Eight purpose, what is the reason why we doing something, something that we can help our clients/patient in their healing process. Ninth simplicity, the service quality must not compromise by the cost of health care. Tenth technology approach, using technology now a days are great it made our task easier to do, for example using IT in our database it help us to find the data of the patient more easier rather than the old one of searching for a papers or stuff.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

Huck Finn Huck has a grim attitude toward people he disagrees with or doesnt get along with. Huck tends to alienate himself from those people. He doesnt let it bother him. Unlike most people Huck doesnt try to make his point. When Huck has a certain outlook on things he keep his view. He will not change it for anyone. For instance in Chapter Three when Miss Watson tells Huck that if he prayed he would get everything he wished for. Huck just shook his head yes and walked away telling Tom that it doesnt work because he has tried it before with fishing line and fishing hooks. this tell us that Huck is an independent person who doesnt need to rely on other people. This is a book of social criticism. Twain has his ways of criticizing people of their actions and the things they do. Twain does a good job expressing the characters social behaivors. Instead of upfront making fun of Hulks actions he hints towards them or tries to glorify them when he does something that is socially wrong or unintelligent. Huck stages his death. This is not a real bright thing to do even though Huck's father is real mean and is a threat to his life and Huck's life. Huck wants to get away from him so bad that the first thing that comes into his mind is to stage his death so Pap will think he's dead and won't be looking for him ever again. Twain feels that by making Huck do this Twain is poking fun a Huck's intelligence. Not his nature intelligence but his book intelligence. In other words Twain is making fun of Huck. Twain also portrays Huck and Jim as stupid when Huck dresses up like a girl. Everyone knows Huck will not pass as a girl Jim is very much like a father to Huck. He looks out for Huck and he is respected and looked upon by Huck. This is also more significant because Huckleberry Finn never had a father and he never really had a role model. Jim serves this purpose perfectly. On one occasion Huck and Jim were exploring an old house that had floated down stream. While they were looking in it Jim discovered a dead body.

Performance Appraisal Interview

Conducting the Performance Appraisal Interview The performance Appraisal interview offers an opportunity to discuss and compare perceptions of an employee’s job performance. Through open communication a supervisory and employee can assess job performance, measure actual result against expected results and plan for the future. The interview should not be used as a vehicle to bombard the employee or the supervisor with criticism, failures, faults, and / or errors. a) Opening the interview: The climate of the interview is essential to its outcome. The supervisor should set a tone for the interview that exhibits openness and support. Once this tone has been set, an employee will be more likely to share assessments of his or her performance, discuss strengths and weaknesses and commit to the development plans that are set in the interview. To set the tone, a supervisor should: 1. Review the purpose of the meeting. Clarify any questions the employee has and reaffirm that the interview serves to promote employee development through identifying job responsibilities, reviewing performance roles, Overall rating of performance and preparing a plan for improved or enhanced performance. 2. Regard the employee as an individual. Special concerns should be given to the employee’s communication style, new assignments, increased job responsibilities and performance standards. These considerations should guide the supervisor as he/she deals with the employee. b) Discussing performance. The second component of a performance interview is the actual discussion of an employee’s job performance. Recommendations for an effective discussion include: 1. Come prepared. Both the Supervisor should prepare objectives ahead of time and time and be able to cite specific example support observations and recommendations. . The employee should present his / her self – assessment first. The employee’s objectives are to present information regarding his or her job performance, pointing out strengths, and seeking assistance in areas where problems exist. This promotes openness and provides insight on how the employee view his or her responsibilities and performance 3. The supervisor should present his or her assessment of the employee performance after hearing the employee’s assessment. Areas of agreements should be discussed first, followed by areas of disagreement. Finally, any pertinent topics that were not brought up by the employee should be mentioned. The supervisor’s objective is to help the employee improve performance or develop skills to become a more productive employee. 4. Communication should be two – way. A dialogue should occur between the employee and the supervisor, with neither participant dominating the discussion. 5. Seek agreement on each point. If opinions differ when discussing individual responsibilities, performance roles or ratings, both the employee and the supervisor should express their ideas. Again, focus on behaviors relevant to performance. 6. Setting Training and development goals. Employee should be prepared to state his or her future plans for development. Discuss these plans realistically and set up appropriate goals and time tables. Supervisors should feel comfortable adding or suggesting development goals with the approval of the employee C) Closing the Interview. An important aspect of the entire process is how the interview ends. The following actions should be included in the closing portion of the interview. Summarize what has been discussed and agreed upon, making sure of consensus on all – important points. Do this positively and enthusiastically. †¢ Give the employee an invitation to react, question and share additional ideas and suggestions. †¢ Make arrangements to follow upon specific points if needed †¢ Set a date for the next performance review session. ( -Semi annual or quarterly ) †¢ Thank Each other for the time and energy that went into the review and end the interview on a positive or encouraging note. †¢ Complete disseminate the Appraisal Form as earlier. Avoid these Mistakes when Completing a Performance Appraisal 1. Recency Too much focus on the most recent examples of behavior rather than considering overall performance. This can occur because of inadequate record keeping. 2. Central Tendency Managers tend to rate every one about the same, or ate last, they avoid extreme ratings. The reviewer should use the ends of the scale as well as the middle. 3. Leniency Managers shun low rating to avoid conflict or because they believe that low ratings reflect badly on the reviewer. This can happen when the reviewer is rushed or under pressure to complete the Appraisal 4. Horns / Hallow Effect A tendency to rate the same individual â€Å"Excellent† on every trait or â€Å"Unsatisfactory† on every trait. This may happen when the supervisor feels that the employee has some shortcomings and then rates them poorly on everything as a result (or conversely rates too high on everything based upon a few high ratings). 5. Constancy Some Managers rate their employees in rank – order rather than on an individual basis and adjust scores to match the ranking order. . Similarity A tendency to rate employees, who have similar values and interest to the reviewer, hire. Additional Factors Affecting Performance Appraisal Ratings: †¢ Length of service and the â€Å"compliancy† of the person being rated can affect ratings significantly. †¢ Previous review ratings influence current reviews, whether the current manager or a former one did the pre vious review. †¢ Supervisors â€Å"guess† when they aren’t sure or don’t have a lot of experience with a given employees behavior.

Jetblue Mrketing Essay

Needs, wants and demands are three basic things that each company must have in mind in order to produce a valuable â€Å"market offering† that will bring the so called â€Å"long-lasting and valued relationships† to their table, and JetBlue is not the exception. JetBlue like any other business is competing at the market by offering something to their costumers. But what do they really offer? Simple, JetBlue is an airline, even though their clients claim that â€Å"is more than an airline†, at the end of the day, that is just what they are, an airline. And why would people want to use the services of an airline? Basically because they NEED to transport and fly to another destiny. So when you talk about JetBlue needs, I will say that the most logical answer will be to state all the things that are an essential requirement to satisfy this main NEED of â€Å"transport†, so getting down to the basic things, JetBlue’s costumers’ needs are basically : the need of having FOOD, the need of having a SEAT and of course the need to FEEL SECURE while TRAVELING. And as we can see they are really covering this costumer needs: â€Å"I never fell thirsty. I never feel hungry.† (A customer opinion about is needs satisfaction). On the other hand a costumer may have the need to have food, but they might want an apple instead of an orange, so its really important for JetBlue to know what are some of their clients WANTS in order to satisfy in the best way possible these costumers’ needs by offering the right things. By reading the case I will say that JetBlue’s costumer WANTS may rely in coffee juices and snacks, confortable seats with more space than normal, variety of channels in the TV, nice and confortable terminals with more security lines, free Wi-Fi, etc. and last but not least we have the clients’ demands, these are the products or services for which clients were able to pay, and they expect them to be deli vered as soon as possible. In my opinion the first demand that any JetBlue costumer has, is a low cost fly including all services and products that they promised to make their fly enjoyable (legroom and flatter recline position, dunking donuts coffee, leather sits, LCD TVs, latest movies and favorite TV shows for just 6$, a terminal with excellent restaurants and stores, etc.). These are demands that they’ve been able to cover and that are the reason of the priceless customer’s loyalty that they keep having nowadays, even after the Valentine’s Day nightmare. 2-Describe in detail all the facets of JetBlue’s product. What is being exchanged in a JetBlue transaction? JetBlue is clearly running an airline were everything is about costumer satisfaction. The facets of JetBlue’s service include bringing the best jetting experience from the napkins to the flight security. They implement a lot of things that others airlines does not have, the airline has focused on providing features that are simply not the norm when it comes to commercial air travel. For example they implement 3 inches more in every sit, so now people are able to stretch and cross their legs, a thing that normal airlines lacked, they even have a legroom to offer more luxury to their clients. They also offer the best snacks and free selection of beverages in a way that clients don’t feel like begging for them, instead the flight attendants are all the time walking around giving the best food and overall service of all times. On the other hand, they know that not everything is in their hands and that flight delays may occur, so they are prepared with the best terminals and DVD’s selections of the time in order to keep giving their clients the best service’s features even in the most complicated times. All of this is achievable thanks to an exchange between JetBlue and their costumers. JetBlue gives love to their costumers by adding special value to the normal flight experience in return of, costumer loyalty and profits. 3-Which of the five marketing management concepts best applies to JetBlue? In my honest opinion they are one step left of implementing a â€Å"societal marketing concept†, but they still remain at the â€Å"marketing concept† right now. Their philosophy is to really getting to know the needs and wants of their target market and deliver them the desired satisfaction better than their competitors do, which is exactly what the â€Å"marketing concept† looks for. However they are lacking the humanitarian (GO GREEN!!!) part that a â€Å"societal market concept† would carry with it. Jet Blue is a company that is focused in more than the production, in more than the product, and in more than the sales, they are committed to the costumers, and they are willing to research everything in order to make their service adapt to their clients not backwards. They are also interacting with clients and improving their company, adding more value by taking their costumer’s critics in count to build stronger costumer’s relationships. On the other hand, implementing a new GO GREEN FUEL to their planes, or reusable water bottles (who knows) may get the company into the latest marketing trend, â€Å"the societal marketing concept†. 4-What values does JetBlue create for its costumers? JetBlue is completely focus on delivering the highest value possible to its clients. They are extremely committed to offer the highest valuable experience to their clients and you can see it in the way they treat their clients. They provide value by treating their costumers like family, like the CEO Barger tells, â€Å"The human side of the equation is the most important part of what we are doing†, â€Å"the hard product-airplanes, leather seats, satellite TVs, bricks and mortar-as long as you have a checkbook, they can be replicated† but the culture its really hard to replicate, that’s the superior value they give to their costumer: â€Å"Affordable flights, with the top service ever†, a feature that other airlines are no able to serve to their costumers. However, there is always the extra value of â€Å"having the most confortable seats ever; giving their clients a higher valued experience while flying†, and all the other material things, that if serve as intended might bring the costumer satisfaction to a whole new level. People can’t stop talking about JetBlue’s experience because, it breaks all the standards, the service is just UNBELIABLE. 5-Is JetBlue likely to continue being successful in building customer relationships? Why or Why Not? Yes, they will continue being successful in building costumer relationships as long as they keep delivering their high valued service, and meeting their costumer’s expectations in the best way possible. JetBlue is right now at the very top of the airline’s industry for it costumers, and as long as they keep doing what they are doing and improving the critics they may get, I don’t believe there is a possible way for costumers’ loyalty to fade away. Like I said they have been creating long-lasting relationships with their clients by providing them an excellent service and a high valued experience, unlike short meaningless transactions. On the other hand I do believe that they should try to catch up with the latest trend of marketing, and attempt to get into the â€Å"societal marketing concept† by creating something into the â€Å"Society, Consumers, Company† triangle or better said involving something â€Å"GO GREEN† in their mission. Maybe this will update them even more and would let them get their brand into a whole new dimension. However it seems like they are doing well, and that w e will all become JetBlue lovers in the long run. GO JETBLUE!!

MGT 550 ch4 Essay

MGT 550 ch4 Essay MGT 550 ch4 Essay In chapter 4, Friedman examines the blurring boundaries between companies and workers, relationships between communities, and the businesses that operate within them. He gives multiple examples how individuals and small companies are empowered to compete with large ones, such that identities become harder to define. The traditional roles of consumer, employee, citizen, taxpayer and shareholder have become blurred and intertwined. The Great Sorting Out is a concept portrayed by Friedman in chapter four and basically what it means is the collaboration of all ten flatteners as well as the Triple convergence to create a more flattened, horizontal and frictionless world. Friedman discusses the goal of the great sorting out but saying that its purpose is to eliminate the inefficiencies in the global market, however there are both pros and cons to this process. The great sorting out will create even more convergence for the world and will flatten the world by creating a global platform integrating information which is accessible to anyone with an internet connection. However there are some drawbacks that follow with the great sorting out. For example Friedman states, † Some obstacles to a frictionless global market are truly sources of waste and lost opportunities. But some of these inefficiencies are institutions, habits, cultures, and traditions that people cherish precisely because they reflect nonmarket va lues like social cohesion, religious faith, and national pride. If global markets and new communications technologies flatten those differences we may lose something important.† As I read this I derived the thought from Friedmans words that removing as much friction in the global market and removing as many inefficiencies in the world as possible is important but there are certain â€Å"inefficiencies† that will always remain important to the common people for purposes other than the global market. Simply put removing these inefficiencies that the common people hold dear to themselves and each other may have a negative effect on themselves and the communities that exist and will feel the drawbacks from the great sorting out. These frictions that exist amongst the common people such as religion and personal opinion and individuality feed the morality in common people and society and only support another one of Friedman’s thoughts as he says â€Å"Some Frictions a re worth protecting, even in the face of a global economy that threatens to

HRM for the Service Industries

HRM for the Service Industries Interview The researcher succeeded to carry out an interview that involved two employees who work at Delta Air Lines, Inc. The two individuals gave different views regarding motivation and leadership approaches practiced by the management of Delta Air Line. The two respondents were referred to as person X and person Y in this research, for purposes of anonymity, which was necessary to gather unbiased information from the two individuals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on HRM for the Service Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In relation to motivation, person X pointed out that Delta Airline was a good company to work with since it recognizes the performance of employees. Specifically, he mentioned the Chairman Club, which was established with an aim of giving recognition to best performing employees. However, person Y was not happy about the role Delta Air Lines. She argued that Delta Airline benefitted much from recognition in relation to employees. Person Y emphasized that recognition benefited the company through low cost of operations while employees continued to suffer since they were given paltry salaries (Creswell 1998, p. 12). The two respondents showed similar reactions in relation to leadership approaches. Both person X and Y said that operating manuals provided by the management team enabled Delta Air Lines to attain excellent performance. They claimed that operating manuals issued to every department enabled the company to achieve its predetermined objectives. This is because operating manuals ensured that each department worked hard to achieve the set operating standards. Person Y accentuated that Passengers Service Manual, which is used by Customer Service department to track services delivered to clients, enabled Delta Air Lines to attain admirable performance. Introduction Hospitality industry is classified in the contemporary world as the highest earning industry. A num ber of scholars and businesspersons refer to it as a billionaire industry. Considering that manufacturing era is gone, it is no doubt that we are living in an era characterized by the service industry. The service industry is broad and mainly encompasses food, service delivery and accommodation related sectors of the economy. Lodging, transportation, tourism, entertainment and restaurants among other segments fall within hospitality industry.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hospitality industry chiefly depends on leisure time and disposable income. Although hospitality industry involves several groups that deal with maintenance of company facilities, operations as well as management, it is confirmed beyond reasonable doubt that managing employees remains a key aspect towards improving the level of performance for a range of companies in the hospitality industry. T his has compelled several managements in the service industry to come up with effective leadership approaches that aim at improving performance of employees, with diverse expertise and abilities. Different techniques of motivating employees are devised on daily basis hoping that the level of performance would significantly improve at workplace. Delta Airlines considers a number of management styles including giving handsome package to its employees, with an intention of improving its airline services as well as revenue. Furthermore, Delta Airlines endeavors to improve the level of returns for its major and minor investors. In addition, Delta Airlines Company ensures that customers choosing the services of the company experience the most appealing flights that would attract them the second time they would be traveling. Such aspects include best entertainment, executive seats and offering flights at affordable prices (Bratton Gold 2007, p. 67). Delta Air Lines, Inc. Delta Air Lines i s amongst the competitive airline companies in the U.S. With its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, Delta operates at domestic and international markets. Due to its aggressive strategies, the company has grown rapidly and today, it claims 11% of the market share. Delta Air Lines is popularly known worldwide for its busiest hub. Delta Air Lines hub, which is based at the Hart-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, serves an average of 88 million passengers every year. Currently, this airline company has about 716 aircrafts, which operate at local markets as well as international markets. This makes Delta Air Lines the largest airline company based on the size of its fleet. In total, Delta Air Lines operates in about 247 destinations, which are located in both the U.S. and elsewhere in other foreign countries. Delta Air Lines closed the financial year 2010 with revenue of 31.8 billion. Its assets stood at 43.2 billion at the end of the fiscal year 2010.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on HRM for the Service Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This indicated a strong performance for Delta Air Lines as compared to its counterparts at local and foreign markets. Perhaps, its financial strength over and above quality services would be attributed to its effective management team. Delta Air Lines Management Team and Strategies Richard Anderson leads delta Air Lines as its Chief Executive Officer. Edward Bastian acts as its president while Michael Campbell is the Executive Vice President and chiefly deals with the Human Resources and Labor Relations. Other top personalities include Stephen Gorman who is the chief operating officer; Glen Hauestein the network planning and revenue management, Hank Halter the financial officer, Holden Shannon the corporate strategy and real estate leader, John Walker the corporate communications director, and Theresa Wise the chief information officer. Richard Anderso n ensures that Delta Air Lines maintains its competitive edge in the airline industry by embracing aggressive strategies such as those related to reducing fares, commonly referred to as cost leadership strategy. In addition, the management ensures that effectual measures are set, which merely ensures that investors get high returns for their investments. Employees are as well motivated with diverse incentives such as high salaries and long lasting employment contracts. Strategies are also put in place to ensure that its services are expanded to other emerging markets. Delta Air Line traditional approach of expansion focused on acquisition of other companies at the market. For instance, in 1972, Delta successfully acquired Northeast Airlines. Later on in 1986, Delta acquired Western Airlines. However, in 1994, Delta realized that airline industry had become increasingly competitive and needed contemporary approaches to maintain its competitive edge in the turbulent market environment . Consequently, Delta Air Lines sought to restructuring and streamlining its operations. The new package involved reducing the costs of operations as well as reducing the flight-fare price. Leadership Leadership is defined by a good number of scholars as ability to influence employees in an organization towards attaining predetermined goals and objectives. It is also defined as the ability of an organization to align individuals within the organization in order to achieve set targets.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It also aims at empowering employees with necessary skills and tools to undertake required actions that would meet the common goals set by the management. Although there are arguments concerning whether leaders are made or born, it has been discovered that managers and leaders depict different characteristics. Leaders are said to be innovate, original, people oriented, inspiring, developing and setting long-range perspectives. Leaders frequently challenge the status quo as well as doing right things always among other characteristics. This helps them to convene short term and long-term objectives of the organization. On the other hand, managers rely much on the regulations and rules of the organization to administer policies that encourage employees to focus on achieving the set targets (Storey 2007, p. 102). Managers are perceived as people who are fond of copying, maintaining, focusing on structures and systems, relying much on control and regulations, and more importantly meeting the objectives of an organization. Their characteristics also include, but not limited to short-range view, eyeing the bottom line, imitating previous approaches of management, accepting status quo and doing things right. What fascinates scholars and perhaps what exactly distinguish managers from leaders relates to ‘how’ and ‘when’ questions. Leaders frequently ask themselves ‘what’ and ‘whys’ sort of questions. These are common aspects that distinguish the originality displayed by leadership and imitation aspects characterized by managers. A number of theories have been put forward to explain characteristics of different leaders. Trait Theory Trait theory explains that individuals are born either with leadership characteristics or without. Trait theory focuses on several factors that distinguish leaders from non-leaders. The factors include individual personality, socialization process, physical characteristics and intelligence. Behavioral theory The behavioral theory relates to the ability to initiate a particular system and coming up with some considerations over an event. This would refer to the orientation of the leader regarding the aims and responsibilities of employees. Mangers may perhaps be workers oriented, which could mean that they are concerned more about employees. Task orientation could mean that a firm is more concerned about production levels. Fielder contingency model Fielder contingency model states that an effective team relies on an effectual match between the approach of a leader interacting with employees and the extent to which the environment gives a leader the authority to control and influence his or her subordinates. According to Fielder, the environment or situation refers to the relationship between leaders and staff members. Logically, it refers to the confidence and respect built between a leader and his or her followers. The situation refers to the task structure and the pow er position. Power position refers to the level of authority that is mostly derived from the position of the leader within the organizational system (Winstanley Woodall 2000, p. 112). Fielder affirms that good relations between staff members and their leaders characterize a favorable situation, affective structure of tasks and a powerful position of a manager in an organization. Path Goal Theory This theory relates environmental and subordinate contingency aspects to leadership traits. Path goal theory argues that performance or outcomes depend on traits associated with leadership behavior such as directives, supportive and perceptive features in relation to subordinate and environmental contingency aspects. Subordinate contingency features include locus of control, individual experiences and ones perceived ability and competence. On the other hand, situational contingency features include structures of job assignments, formality of systems and policies, as well as team members. Ch arismatic leaders Charismatic leaders portray features that have considerable influence on performance of subordinates. This type of leaders are said to portray different characteristics from those of other leaders. To begin with, charismatic leaders depict self-confidence. Self-confidence is displayed by their total confidence in their policies and competence. A vision is also another significant feature, which brings about confidence that would lead to a better future rather than relying on an organization’s status quo. A leader should ensure that there is a broad margin between the current status quo and the set goals or objectives. Charismatic leaders are also recognized for their outstanding abilities in articulating vision. They are able to explain and describe vision in a way that employees understand without difficulties. This assists in avoiding issues related to confusions and doubts. However, to articulate vision, a visionary leader should understand his or her emp loyees adequately. Charismatic leader should have high levels of commitment and high personal risk that help organizations in achieving pragmatic goals within a predetermined period. Charming leaders frequently depict behavior that is different from conventional or normal traits of ordinary managers and employees. Although these behaviors appear different from those of common leaders, followers are easily lured to follow such behaviors, especially in the event that a leader becomes successful with his or her unique style of management (Legge1998, p. 56). Other major characteristics displayed by appealing leaders include realistic evaluation of business environments in relation to constraints and resources and coming up with pragmatic strategies. Generally, charismatic leaders are perceived as aspects of radical change as opposed to maintaining organization’s status quo. Relationship between transactional and transformational leaders Several reputable scholars in the field of management have identified distinguishing factors between transactional and transformational leaders. It is believed that old management style was characterized by transactional kind of leadership. However, because of dynamic and competitive business environment, contemporary type of management associates itself with transformational leadership. Transactional leaders Transformational leaders recognize achievements that ensure employees are rewarded in accordance to their level of performance. The management should always identify the disparity existing between performance and predetermined policies. This would help in initiating corrective actions and responses. A more contradicting feature as regards to transactional leadership is its passive system. Passive approach refers to intervening situations when standards tend to fall below or deviate from the track. Transactional leader would assign already laid down tasks and responsibilities to different departments. However, they attem pt to avoid making major and minor decisions regarding the operations of the organization. Transformation leaders Scholars and managements term transformational leadership as contemporary approach (Beardwell Claydon 2007, p. 83). Transformational leaders are charismatic and would occasionally provide followers with realistic vision and mission, which eventually earns them respect and trust. They are too inspiring since they communicate high expectations to their subordinates, use symbols to express directions and targets of organizations. Their level of intelligence is proved by their high level of rationality, as well as extra-ordinary logics mostly expressed in their analytical abilities, especially during problem solving. Transformational leaders differ from their transactional leaders for the reason that they are able to give personal attention to their employees apart from coaching and advising employees personally. What it takes to be an effectual and successful leader What i t takes to be an effective leader remains a contentious issue in the contemporary world of business. However, a number of observable studies have distinguished effective leaders from ineffective leaders. Effective leaders are seen communicating routinely. Their communication is associated with exchanging information and frequent handling of paperwork. Effective managers as well practice traditional management, which is merely known for its controlling, decision-making and planning facets. More importantly, effective management is characterized by networking where leaders are seen often interacting with outsiders in addition to sharing social, economical and political issues with several groups. Regarding the human resource management, successful leaders are seen motivating and rewarding their subordinates on a continuous basis. Furthermore, training and developing careers ensures that employees meet standards set by the firm. Nevertheless, transformational leaders manage conflicts a rising successfully. Motivation Motivation is a process that intends to elicit, control, manage or sustain an individual’s behavior. Motivation is categorized as either intrinsic or extrinsic. Extrinsic motivation is associated with external factors. For instance, a student who is interested in acquiring certain knowledge in a given field for not only getting good grades but also gaining mastery is most likely motivated by intrinsic factors. On the other hand, it would be an extrinsic motivation if an employee were encouraged to perform well at work place by increasing salary or providing other incentives. It is therefore true that employee performance depends heavily on motivation. Nevertheless, to realize good performance through motivation, employees should be equipped with necessary skills, equipments, supplies, time and ability (Goleman1998, p. 72). A motivating agent is principally determined by the needs of an employee. Although money is generally regarded as the main motivator, it is not the only employee motivator. Money would act as a motivator if it were able to meet individual’s needs and desires. In addition, an employee should believe that he or she is in a position to achieve monetary rewards offered by the organization. Generally, financial incentives offered by a range of organizations include production bonus systems, commission, gain sharing, group incentive plans, profit sharing, piecework systems among others. Because financial incentives can be limiting to any business that intends to motivate its employees, other approaches satisfy employees such as good contact with consumers’ brand, job enlargement and rotations. In many cases, organizations motivate employees by giving rewards that have value, providing rewards based on individual performance, treating individual staff members personally, encouraging staff participation and providing immediate feedback regarding employees’ performance. Since motivation conc erns itself with giving incentives to employees with an aim of enforcing compliance, most supervisors frequently use incentives to ensure that employees meet the objectives and goals set by management. With this regard, it would be beneficial if supervisors would have necessary skills regarding employees’ motivation. Managers influence the behavior of employees using various methods. However, the commonly used incentives include flextime and job sharing. Flextime is a strategy used in organizations, which allow individuals to choose when to work for 8 hours assigned in a day or 40 hours in a week. Conversely, job sharing refers to an arrangement in which two individuals working part-time choose to share tasks of a full-time job. Theories of motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Maslow states that a number of unmet needs motivate individuals. In accordance to Maslow’s theory, needs which motivates people fall into five categories. They include physiological need s, security, social needs such as love, needs relating to esteem and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are basic needs, which an individual requires for survival. Security needs refer to protection and safety. Social needs are those associated with the need for companionship, as well as love. Individuals in the society desire to be respected by their colleagues. This is popularly termed esteem needs. Self-actualization refers to a situation where an individual peruses the full measure of happiness. McClelland’s Achievement-Power-Affiliation Theory This theory states that people develop diverse needs via life experiences. The three needs classified by McClelland include the need for achievement, need for power and the need for affiliation. Need for achievement is one’s aspiration to do better. Need for power is associated to ambition to manage, control and influence people. Need for affiliation is concerned about aspiration to sustain sociable relations. Alt hough people have all the above needs to some degree, strength of various needs depicts what motivates an employee or a worker (Mintzberg, Simons Basu 2002, p. 88). Hertzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Hertzberg claims that both dissatisfaction and satisfaction are associated with dissimilar sources. In his argument, dissatisfaction is seen to result from lack of hygiene factors such as companionship and handsome salary package. Satisfaction, on the other hand, results from existence of motivating dynamics such as fortunate prospects. Vroom’s Expectancy-Valence Theory Vroom proved that individuals do whatever they do in life with an aim of satisfying their needs. His argument was based on explaining the degree of an individuals’ level of motivation. According to Vroom’s theory, motivation depends on both valence and expectancy. Valence refers to the importance that someone places on result of a specified behavior whereas expectancy is the perception that a cert ain behavior would lead to a given result. In many circumstances, people are predominantly motivated to seek out outcomes that they value. They also believe that such outcomes are achievable. Individual members have different perception as regards to rewards, as well as whether they are in a position to attain the set up rewards. As a result, every employee determines personally the value of rewards and the capability of attaining the results. Since individuals in an organization cannot be generalized, it would be prudent for supervisors to study the needs and abilities of employees within an organization. Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory According to Skinner, people tend to do a particular thing hoping that it would lead to a desirable consequence. The same people would avoid things that may lead to undesirable consequences. For instance, people desire doing things that may give them praises from either fellow colleagues or the management team at work place. The management may influence the behavior of individuals by responding to traits technically. Skinner says that consequences can be classified as either reinforcement or punishment. Reinforcement is a positive behavioral consequence. In other words, reinforcement refers to favorable consequences or preferred behavior. Conversely, punishment is also referred to as negative consequence. Most supervisors tend to stop unfavorable behavior using various approaches, such as demotion and firing employees. Modifying Employees’ Behavior Various organizations use either punishment or reinforcement in modifying the behavior of employees. However, ineffectiveness of punishment, many organizations choose reinforcement. Reinforcement tends to result to positive and favorable behavior, which is desired by a firm whereas frequent use of punishment tends to instill a belief of inability among staff members (Nohria, Groysberg Eling 2008, p. 93). Since motivating factors are different among employees, the manag ement should learn individual motivating factors at personal level and design rewards as per their demands. In addition, the management should consider policies, regulations and labor contracts guiding the process of rewarding in an organization. Financial Incentives The Management assumes that money motivates employees to deliver a quality service. According to theories of motivation, finance is perceived as a motivator if it meets the demands and needs of employees. In particular, an individual earning paltry salary will highly be motivated by its increment. However, an employee who is comfortable with his or her salary may be motivated by other factors, such as achieving a sense of respect and personal esteem. As for finances, employees would be given financial incentives to make them meet or exceed certain set standards. Delta Air Lines: Leadership and Motivation Management’s Systems and Procedures Delta Air Lines has various departments with diverse systems. Delta Air Li nes management offers operating manuals that give standards to every department. The operating manual helps departments to monitor the performance of employees, as well as customers on a regular basis (Storey 2001, p. 57). The most important manual is the Passengers Service Manual, which is used by Customer Service department to track services delivered to clients. This has enabled employees to provide excellent services to their customers. Operating manual, on the other hand, enables the management to access updated performance, as well as easy references that would help in making major decisions concerning the performance of the company. The most important information provided by Passengers Service Manual includes passengers’ acceptance, refusal of passenger, ticketing and luggage acceptance. Delta Air Lines decided to post passengers’ information online where each employee can access it in a 24 hours clock to increase its efficiency. Moreover, the management has mad e sure that employees stand a chance to access information at home provided one is connected to Delta’s intranet. Management performance measures A website that is solely designed by Delta for measuring and controlling performance would help in monitoring and improving services offered by Delta Air Lines. The website categorically provides a section, which indicates standards expected by the management. The website also provides essential applications for monitoring performance of various departments. In addition, the website provides a section through which the management is able to monitor procedures for giving rewards to subordinates. The key performance indicators used by Delta include measure of flights take off, lost baggage for every 1000 passengers, airplanes damages and injuries sustained by employees while at work place or during official working hours. This information is to be collected from various airports, combined and analyzed on a yearly basis to estimate the overall performance of the management team. Performance leaders Performance leaders are concerned about assigning tasks to different employees and ensuring that operations are covered in entirety. Generally, they normally guide employees on various work processes and allocate diverse resources as per the requirement of the job. Performance leaders frequently ensure that workers arrive on time at the work place, apart from ensuring that team members complete assigned responsibilities within predetermined time and as per the set standards. In many cases, performance leaders are seen to handle customers’ conflict either internally or externally. Training and employees performance improvement Delta Air Lines provides sufficient training to its employees with an aim of improving its services. The management emphasizes on continuous training with an objective of improving its service delivery. Delta Air Lines has some school training centers for pilots. A stringent policy relating to training pilots is aimed at improving the standards of its flights. In fact, customer department statement aims at empowering employees with adequate experience and skills in order to provide excellent service. Delta Air Lines offers a reimbursement of $2000 for tuition fee. In addition, the company provides an e-learning technology, which helps to improve employees’ performance for those present at workplace. Employees Rewarding The management concluded that individual recognition is the most effective way of motivating employees. Delta Air Lines recognize that the most important aspect in an individual is his or her attitude. According to Delta Air Lines’ management, for employees to be instilled with positive attitude, his or her morale should be improved. During difficult financial times, recognition of employees has helped to reduce operation costs associated with employees’ rewarding. The management developed Delta Gaining Altitude program, which enabl es employees to be recognized and rewarded for their services. Delta Gaining Attitude program helps to instill a positive approach to its employees. This is aimed at motivating employees by influencing their behavior positively. As a strategy, Delta Air Lines management has empowered employees to recognize and comment on the performance of their colleagues. Currently, Delta Air Lines provides cumulative points for purchasing products, which has been entirely welcomed by all staff members. Delta Air Lines recognizes employee anniversaries where it begins with the first year and then performed at an interval of 5 years. On completing ten years, an employee would receive a recognition letter from the CEO. Chairman Club was established with an aim of giving recognition to best performing employees. On average, the Chairman Club initiates 102 staff members who have contributed enormously to the success of Delta Air Lines. Such employees are to be chosen by their workmates and confirmed b y the management. However, an individual should be registered at a site provided by Chairman Club in order to receive recommendation for good performance. Stiff competition at the Airline Industry Delta Air Lines faces tough competition in the airline industry both at local and international markets. Stiff competition in the market is due to the presence of major airlines that offer excellent services. Recently, a number of airline companies have come up with cost-leadership strategies, which have forced Delta to respond equally by lowering its initial fare prices. The major foreign rivals of Delta Air Lines include Singapore Airline, Cathay Pacific and Air New Zealand. However, Delta is responding to the competition through increasingly improving its services. Recommendation Although policies and structures of an organization are important in determining the performance of an entity, it has been recognized by a number of scholars that human aspect is crucial in determining the effe ctiveness and efficiency of a firm (Woods West 2010, p. 75). Human beings control machines and other physical facilities including computers and therefore, a slight change in human behavior might highly affect results of a particular process or activity. Any organization should ensure that it has effectual management team, as well as competent employees in ensure that quality services are provided as per the set standards. Since Delta faces stiff competition in the airline industry, it would be prudent to come up with specific measures that would ensure excellent services are offered to its esteem clients. Such activities would require well laid strategies, which would particularly generate an effective leader. Services improvement, such as fitting aircrafts with executive seats, would help Delta attract a number of customers. Generally, customers require comfort, such as good entertainment and provision of quality and affordable meals and drinks both inside the aircraft and at the airport waiting lounge. Although cost-leadership strategy has been a major strategy used by airline companies, it would be advisable not to lower prices beyond certain levels. This would lead to losses. To ensure that excellence is maintained at Delta Air Lines, the management should provide more appealing rewards that would enhance productivity of employees. For instance, employees should be provided with salary increment, though it has to be realistic to avoid exorbitant operational expenses. Delta is embracing recognition as opposed to other rewards approaches. Although this has an effect of reducing costs associated with rewards, such rewards would have less impact on employee’s level of performance. Delta should in fact consider other non-financial rewarding techniques such as promotions, job rotation and employee empowerment. Such approaches are likely to facilitate high levels of performance amongst staff members. Conclusion This paper has covered a number of issues r egarding leadership and motivation. It has solely discussed issues pertaining to leadership and motivation practices at Delta Air Lines. To understand fully the implication of effective leadership and motivating approaches that would finally help in improving the level of performance at Delta Air Lines, this paper has discussed various types of leaderships, as well as theories that were put forward by different scholars. It has also given more details concerning motivation and related theories. From various reading materials and various managerial perspectives in different institutions including Delta Air Lines, it is confirmed that effective leadership is one that has routine and effectual communication processes. Leaders should communicate complex aspects in a more simple way. They should understand the proficiency and qualifications of individual employees in order to assign jobs accurately. Competent leaders ensure that they give pragmatic directions and vision, which assists in attaining the set objectives and standards. Although traditional modes of management are not popular in the contemporary world of business, it is evident that planning, controlling and monitoring remain key factors in improving employees’ level of performance. In addition, motivation factors, such as offering financial incentives, are mostly used by a range of entities to increase the level of productivity among its employees. However, it is concluded that non-financial incentives to a large extend help in reducing the cost of operations among various organizations such as Delta Air Line. Delta Air Lines has a number of rewarding approaches. However, it considerably embraces recognition technique as opposed to rewarding systems. Recognition is initiated by allowing employees to give comments online. Chairman Club helps to identify some individuals who are rewarded after recognizing their great contribution towards the overall performance of the company. Moreover, Delta Air L ine continues to show competent leadership through the websites that are chiefly designed for monitoring performance of various departments. For instance, customer service department is provided with operation manuals where it records all data concerning customers. This helps in keeping track and controlling operations at Delta Air Lines. 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